Ralph H. Holme, Tracy J. Bussoli and Karen P. Steel
This table was last updated at the end of April 2002. No further updates are planned.
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This table is a collection of the many genes that are expressed at different times during inner ear development in different animal species. The first section of the table is a list of all those genes whose chromosome position is known in the mouse (information from MGD) and man (information from OMIM). The genes have been ordered according to their mouse chromosome position, in ascending order i.e. beginning closest to the centromere on chromosome 1. In cases where only the human gene location is available, the gene has been inserted in the table at the mouse region of conserved synteny (see http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Homology).
The second part of the table lists the genes and proteins whose chromosome position is not known and these have been arranged in alphabetical order.
SEARCHING THE TABLE:
The table, in its current form, has been designed to be downloaded from the web in its entirety. There are, however, some limited searches that can be carried out from the search page.
Gene Symbol:
The mouse gene symbol approved by the International Committee on Standardised Nomenclature for mice has been used in the first column. The second column of the table lists the human gene symbol together with some of the many alternative names for the gene or protein. The alternative names are not exhaustive, so attempts should be made to use other gene names if you fail to find a gene of interest.
Detection Method:
The methods of detecting gene or protein expression in many papers were either in-situ hybridisation (IS) using specific RNA probes or immunolocalisation (IM) where antibodies were used to detect protein expression. Other methods included are Northern blotting (NB), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR), purification of the protein from ear tissue (PE), extraction of mRNA from ear tissue to produce cDNA (CDNA) and reporter gene (RG). The search terms to use are shown in brackets.
Species:
When searching for expression of genes or proteins in a specific species, the following symbols should be entered -
| C | Chick | G | Gerbil | H | Human | M | Mouse | X | Xenopus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ch | Chinchilla | Gp | Guinea pig | Mon | Monkey | R | Rat | ZF | Zebrafish |
Gene expression at different developmental stages:
The different stages of inner ear development have been broadly divided under four headings to give the reader an approximate idea of when the genes or proteins are expressed. The four stages can be loosely defined as follows:
| 1 | Otic placode is first visible. The otocyst then detaches from the surface ectoderm to form the otocyst. |
|---|---|
| 2 | Otocyst begins to elongate. Semi-circular canals are forming. First hair cells are identifiable. |
| 3 | All major cell types are differentiating within the inner ear. |
| 4 | Adult form |
At each of these stages, the regions within the inner ear where the various genes and proteins are expressed has been noted. These inner ear regions have been divided broadly into seven groups as described below. The single letter/symbol should be used as a search term.
| O | otocyst |
|---|---|
| M | mesenchyme surrounding otocyst |
| H | sensory hair cells |
| S | supporting cells |
| N | nervous tissue |
| E | cell types/structures within the inner ear that are not defined by the above categories |
| * | expression in the inner ear but precise location not stated |
Mouse and human chromosome positions:
Genes mapping to mouse or human chromosome 1 can be searched for by entering '1' within the mouse or human search area respectively.
References:
An entire list of references is available by clicking on references on the search page. Clicking on the relevant reference within the table will bring the full reference to the bottom of the screen.
Acknowledgements
This table has been produced with support from the MRC and the European Commission. We thank Tim Folkard and Shaun Fletcher for their help in the preparation of the table for web access. We also thank several people for their comments on early versions of the table: Guy Richardson, Catherine Haddon, Mark Maconochie, and members of the hereditary deafness group at IHR.
Citing the table
If you wish to refer to the table in a publication, please cite it as follows:
Holme, Ralph H., Bussoli, Tracy J. and Steel, Karen P. Table of gene expression in the developing ear.
World Wide Web URL: http://www.ihr.mrc.ac.uk/legacy/hereditary/genetable/index.html